Systemic Banking Crises Database: 1970-2025

This paper presents an updated version of the Laeven and Valencia (2013, 2020) database on systemic banking crises, extending the coverage through 2025. The update incorporates new episodes, while maintaining the definition established in previous editions, which emphasizes both significant signs of financial distress and substantial policy interventions. The update integrates textual tools to screen potential candidates that are then further scrutinized to confirm if our definition is met. The database includes information on banking crises episodes during 1970-2025, including starting dates, policy responses, fiscal costs, and output losses. It offers a comprehensive tool for assessing cross-country vulnerabilities and policies to resolve banking crises.