Background. On March 22, 2023, the IMF Executive Board approved 38-month Extended Credit Facility (ECF) and Extended Fund Facility (EFF) arrangements with Papua New Guinea to help address a protracted balance of payments need manifested in foreign exchange shortages and to support the authorities’ reforms to address long-standing structural impediments to inclusive growth. While ambitious, the program is focused on macro-critical conditionality, supported by capacity development (CD), and informed by a Country Engagement Strategy, in line with the IMF’s Strategy for Fragile and Conflict-Affected States (FCS).