| English |
Exports and Imports , Labor , Taxation - General , International - Economics , North Africa , Europe , sub‑Saharan Africa , regional integration , trade integration , investment flows , global value chains , nearshoring , diversification , economic resilience , non‑tariff barriers , logistics , infrastructure , business environment , regulatory harmonization , AfCFTA , digital transformation , gravity model , GIMF simulations , energy transition , renewables , energy interconnections , technology transfer , supply‑chain reconfiguration , U , S , tariff actions , global economic shifts , Exports , Tariffs , Global value chains , Trade barriers , Imports , North Africa , Africa , Sub-Saharan Africa , Europe , Middle East