Fiscal Anatomy of Two Crises and an Interlude

Author: Xuehui Han, Mr. Paolo Mauro, and Mr. John Ralyea

Volume/Issue: Volume 2023 Issue 117

Publication date: June 2023

ISBN: 9798400242120

$20.00

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Topics covered in this book

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Inflation , Economics- Macroeconomics , Public Finance , Economics / General , Crisis Management , Public debt , Deficit , Forecasts , fiscal policy measure , debt surprise , debt development , decomposition of debt , IMF working paper 2023/117 , COVID-19 , Global financial crisis of 2008-2009 , Inflation , Global

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Summary

The Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with the largest increases in public debt ratios since World War II. We decompose unexpected changes in debt ratios into the role of surprises in economic growth, interest costs, policy measures, and other factors. During both crises, lower-than-expected output contributed the most to higher-than-expected debt ratios. Fiscal policy measures recorded in the public deficit were similar in the two episodes. We also analyze the decade-long interlude (2010-19). Rather than declining as foreseen in a normative scenario, debt ratios remained stable on average, as interest rates, policy adjustment and, in some countries, economic growth turned out lower than expected.